Oligohydramnios: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Oligohydramnios?

Oligohydramnios means there is less amniotic fluid around a baby during pregnancy. This fluid helps protect the baby and supports healthy growth. When levels are low, it is called oligohydramnios. Many people also call this condition low amniotic fluid in pregnancy. It can happen at any stage, but it is more common in the last trimester. Because amniotic fluid is important, doctors watch for this problem during checkups.

Causes of Oligohydramnios

There are several reasons why oligohydramnios may develop. Sometimes, the cause is not clear. However, some common causes include:

Problems with the placenta, which brings food and oxygen to the baby

Birth defects, especially in the baby’s kidneys or urinary system

Leaking or breaking of the water bag (membranes)

Going past the due date

Health problems in the mother, such as high blood pressure or diabetes

Some medicines, like those for high blood pressure

Because many factors can lead to low amniotic fluid, doctors check for these during pregnancy visits.

Symptoms and Signs

Often, oligohydramnios does not cause clear symptoms. Still, some women may notice:

Less movement from the baby

Smaller belly size than expected for the stage of pregnancy

Leaking fluid from the vagina

However, these signs can be caused by other things too. Therefore, regular checkups are important to catch any problems early.

Diagnosis

Doctors use several ways to find out if a woman has oligohydramnios. First, they may notice a small belly size during a checkup. Next, they often use an ultrasound to measure the amount of amniotic fluid. The most common test is called the amniotic fluid index (AFI). If the AFI is low, it means there is not enough fluid. Sometimes, doctors use another test called the single deepest pocket. Both tests help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options

Treatment for oligohydramnios depends on how far along the pregnancy is and how low the fluid is. Some common management options include:

Drinking more water, as this may help in mild cases

Close monitoring with regular ultrasounds

Resting on the left side to improve blood flow

Stopping certain medicines if they may be causing the problem

Amnioinfusion, where fluid is added during labor through a small tube

Early delivery if the baby is at risk or the pregnancy is full term

Because each case is different, doctors choose the best treatment for each mother and baby. According to the World Health Organization, regular care can help lower risks of oligohydramnios.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, some steps may help reduce the risk:

Drink enough water every day

Go to all prenatal visits

Manage health problems like diabetes or high blood pressure

Avoid medicines that can lower amniotic fluid, unless your doctor says they are safe

Report any leaking fluid or changes in baby movement to your doctor right away

Because early care can make a big difference, always follow your doctor’s advice during pregnancy.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to contact your doctor if you notice:

Less movement from your baby

Leaking fluid from your vagina

Sudden changes in your belly size

Also, if you have any concerns about your pregnancy, do not wait. Early action can help keep you and your baby safe.

In summary, oligohydramnios can be managed with the right care. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on oligohydramnios.